Workers’ detailed information regarding profile was taken in pretested questionnaire format after obtaining the informed consent and explaining the purpose of study. After obtaining the consent from institute's ethics committee, a written permission for the study was obtained from the concerned authority of factory. The study was conducted for a period of December, 2011 to May 2013. A total of 103 and 84 workers were included from these MD and administrative department from total workers of 110 and 87, respectively. The MD and administrative department were not involved in production and so included in Non Exposed Group (NEG). Total number of workers included from these sections was 88, 79, and 46 from the total of 98, 89, and 52, respectively. Out of these sections, first three sections were involved in production and direct exposure to factory hazards, so considered as EG) with - Out of all sections, three sections (SMS, RMS AND QCD) were involved in production and direct exposure to factory hazards, so considered as EG (Exposed Group). Hence, a total of 400 workers were included in the study. Two workers were employed for less than 1 year and four workers did not consent for the study, hence excluded. The temporary or contractual workers, (22 in number), were also excluded from the study. Out of this, the eight female workers from administrative area were excluded from the study, as there was no comparative group in productive area. Total number of workers working in the factory was 436. Hence, the current study was carried out to find out the morbidity pattern among iron and steel workers and to recommend corrective measures based on finding of study Depending upon the pattern and the magnitude of the morbidity, one could focus primary healthcare services to suit the local conditions. In order to improve the quality of life of the industrial workers, it is essential that the burden of diseases among them be reduced. Thus, industrial workers show high level of morbidities. The most common morbidities in occupational health reported by WHO are back pains, hearing loss, chronic obstructive lungs disease, asthma, injuries, lung cancer, and leukemia. In 1986, the workforce in our country was 6 million, which now is 62 million due to the tremendous mushrooming of industries.
Out of 11 million cases of occupational diseases in the world, 1.9 million (17%) are contributed by India and out of 0.7 million deaths in the world, 0.12 million (17%) is contributed by India. It is also estimated that in India, 17 million occupational nonfatal injuries (17% of the world) and 45,000 fatal injuries (45% of the total deaths due to occupational injuries in world) occur each year. He has reported annual incidence of occupational morbidity as 4,240,700-10,010,800 cases per year and annual mortality of 583,700-704,200 per year.Īccording to the data of year 2009 for National Programme for Control and Treatment of Occupational Diseases there are 100 million occupational injuries in India causing 0.1 million deaths. Leigh et al., has given the estimate of global burden of occupational disease. Occupational factors make an important contribution to the global burden of disease, but the reliable data on occupational disease are much more difficult to obtain. The work-related morbidity and mortality not only results in suffering and hardship for the worker and his or her family, but it also adds to the overall cost to society through lost productivity and increased use of medical and welfare services. Therefore, iron and steel workers are especially prone to occupational health problems and experience more sickness absenteeism. The iron and steel industries have foundries consisting of oven and furnaces which involve heat, noise, vibration, and dusty environments. The total production of steel in the world in 2012 was 121,293 thousand tons and that of India was estimated to be 6,600 thousand tons. In this era of machines it is the inevitable part in production of various materials like eyeglass frames, jet aircraft, the space shuttle, automobiles, and surgical instruments.
Iron is the world's most commonly used metal and can usually be found with other elements in the form of steel.
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